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is the battle of britain your expertise Hop?
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No, but I am very interested in it.
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they needed more sorties over england with medium bombers but they couldn't achieve it so what if they had heavy bombers do you think that they would have done enough damage to english bases and factories to change the outcome?
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By the standards of the day their bombers were pretty effective. They managed to drop over 50,000 tons of bombs on Britain in less than a year. Bomber Command only managed about 31,000 tons in 1941, and 45,000 tons in 1942.
The advantage the Germans had is that their bombers were based in France, very close to Britain, whereas the RAF had to fly much further to reach Germany. But the main advantage of heavier bombers in the early war years was increased range, which wouldn't have helped the Germans much in 1940/41.
Larger bomb bays were mainly a function of later war aircraft. For example, the RAF's heavy bomber in 1940 was the Whitley, which could carry 7,000 lbs of bombs. The He-111 wasn't far behind with 5,500 lbs.
Heavier bombers would have been a bit better for the Luftwaffe, but what they really needed were more training schools, higher production, a better repair organisation and larger stocks of spare parts.
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Germany needed to gain air superiority and thus needed to blow the RAF out of the sky. By hitting the radar stations and airfields, it could have accomplished this.
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That's precisely what the Luftwaffe tried to do, and it didn't achieve air superiority.
Again the problem is the lack of capacity. An airfield can be damaged by a raid, but it needs repeated raids, day after day, to keep it out of action. Same for most other targets.
The Luftwaffe simply didn't have the ability to do this. They sent small numbers of bombers to each target, crossed them off the maps as "destroyed", and moved on to the next target. Meanwhile the "destroyed" airfield was back in operation within a few hours.
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This would draw out the RAF and bring them to the German fighers. The German fighters had limited range but Goring could have sent them out in waves to tangle with the RAF pilots. This would either knock them of the the sky or wear them down.
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Look at the strength figures again. The Luftwaffe wasn't failing to engage the RAF fighters, in fact the Luftwaffe was engaging so hard it's own fighter force was dwindling, in pilots and aircraft. The problem for the Luftwaffe is that they simply weren't scoring well enough, they needed to achieve a much better kill/loss rate than they actually managed.
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This is where Radar plays a major part. It cut down the time an RAF pilot was in the air. He did not have to 'patrol' because the Radar controllers could direct him straight towards the enemy. This meant that when the RAF pilots went into battle, they were not fatiqued by patrol duties.
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Actually the RAF did a lot of patrolling. Radar wasn't completely accurate, it could miss raids, and couldn't distinguish between types. The Luftwaffe also flew feints that the RAF had to respond to.
Somewhere on the RAF web site they have the diary of 303 squadron (the highest scoring in the RAF during the Battle, iirc). For the first week of September, the height of the Luftwaffe campaign against airfields:
1st September - Airfield patrol, 12 aircraft. Nothing to report
2nd September - 12 aircraft left to intercept raid (presumably a scramble)
3rd Sept - 12 Hurricanes on patrol, various vectors and patrol orders
3rd Sept - 9 Hurricanes patrolled Maidstone and Dover, met many friendly fighters
4th Sept - 2 separate patrols, no contact with enemy
5th Sept - Morning patrol, no contact made. Afternoon "After various sectors, S/Ldr Kellett, Red 1, at 22,000 ft, near Gillingham, saw AA across the Estuary and led Squadron to attack. " (sounds more like a patrol that encountered the enemy than a scramble)
6th Sept - "After various patrol orders the Squadron was over Western Kent and saw very large formations of enemy aircraft moving up from the coast to the east of them and above."
In the afternoon 2 separate airfield defence patrols, no contact made
7th Sept - "11 Hurricanes left Northolt 16.20. 9 Hurricanes landed Northolt 17.50 hrs onwards. Combat over Essex about 17.00 hrs." (this was the attack on London, and 303 were scrambled early)
There are far more patrols than scrambles on that list.
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So, all Great Britain had to do was to stay alive by sending up the RAF. Time was on their side. The bombing of the airfields, railways and cities were not a factor, just bringing up the RAF to the German fighters. The Germans forgot this, lost focus and made the battle personal and instead, led the bombers straight into the RAF.
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Again this ignores the fact that the Luftwaffe fighters were not failing to come to grips with the RAF. In fact, the Luftwaffe were suffering unsustainable fighter losses against the RAF. They just weren't inflicting unsustainable losses on the RAF.
There are two ways you could change things for the Luftwaffe to win the battle. First would be to greatly expand the training schools and aircraft factories and depots so that the Luftwaffe is much larger. Second would be to make the Luftwaffe fighters shoot down more British aircraft whilst losing less themselves. Everything else is just tinkering around the edges.