I'm not an expert by any means but...

I think the Tone class were built (or was that rebuilt) as scout cruisers and their back ends were used for sea plane launching and hangers.

The others are from the "turret farm" school of ship building. If you put more than 4 turrets on a ship some will have restircted arcs unless they are light enough to go three levels high (like the Atlantas). Note that some of the older US BBs and the Brooklyn class CLs had similar limitations on some of their turrets.