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Where they failed generally was in contributing to a massive or even significant level of shift in operational or strategic position within a theater or campaign. The sole success I can point to right off would be Eben Emael in Belgium.
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The Makin island raid is often credited with causing the Japanese to strengthen their island garrisons in the Central Pacific. Without further research I'd not want to state that categorically, but the argument goes that the ensuing decsion to reinforce diverted critial transport ship sorties off from the attritional battles in the South Pacific, around the
Solomons and New Guniea. Plus the commitment of the men and material to a front that was mostly bypassed and isolated. What the special forces raids in Burma accomplished in stratigic terms rates a look as well. In operational terms they seem to have accomplished more than the conventional Allied attacks of the same period. Its a subject worth in depth research.