I might be mistaken, but isn't it so that Hitler needed the natural resources of Czechoslovakia to go to war? So, if Chamberlain......
I think it would have taken Germany a few years longer to be ready for war. The rest of the world would have been further involved in de-arming and there would have been nothing left to fight with.
It's been said once that if Hitler would have had the patience and waited until 1942 the german army's would have had a 'walk in the park'.

So, if Chamberlain would not have given in, the outcome would surely have been different. The invasion of England would have taken place and that would have been the end for the rest of Europe and the world.