You are correct Mike.

In other circumstances, the armoured warfare experience Messe possessed might have caused him to be given a command alongside Erwin Rommel in North Africa. But, instead, he was chosen to be the commander of the "Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia" (Corpo di Spedizione Italiano in Russia, or CSIR). The CSIR was a mobile infantry and cavalry unit of the Italian army that took part in Operation Barbarossa. Barbarossa was the German invasion of the Soviet Union.

Initially, the number of Italian troops in southern Russia numbered around 60,000. Messe never thought that this force was properly outfitted or supplied for the extreme conditions of the "Russian Front." By July 1942, the far larger "Italian Army in Russia" (Armata Italiana in Russia, or ARMIR) replaced the CSIR and General Italo Gariboldi replaced Messe. On November 1, 1942, Messe left Russia.

The number of Italian troops in Russia had grown to about 200,000. Although the troops fought well, after the German defeat at Stalingrad the campaign in the Soviet Union turned against the Axis powers. Italian forces had been severely mauled during Operation Saturn on the flanks of Stalingrad while trying hold back the Soviet forces.

Tunisia

At the end of January 1943, Messe was appointed as the new commander of Tank Army Africa (Panzerarmee Afrika) which had been commanded by Field Marshal Irwin Rommel. The army was now re-named the "Italo-German Tank Army" (Deutsch-Italienische Panzerarmee). The name was changed in recognition of the fact that the army consisted of one German and three Italian corps.

Although Messe was to replace Rommel, he diplomatically deferred to the German. The two commanders co-existed in what was theoretically the same command until mid-March. At that time, Rommel departed Africa for good.
Under the "theoretical" co-command with Rommel, Messe fought a defensive campaign against the advancing American and British forces. Rommel had already left Africa because of health reasons. But his departure was kept secret by the express order of German dictator Adolf Hitler. This was done both to maintain the morale of the Axis troops and to continue to inspire fear and caution in their enemies.

In February 1943, the Italo-German Tank Army was re-named "Army Group Africa" (Heeresgruppe Afrika).

While in sole command of all Axis forces in Tunisia, General Messe ably achieved a defensive victory of the Mareth Line. But his continuous tactical delay of the Allied offensive could not prevent the inevitable defeat of the Axis in North Africa.

On May 13, 1943, after the collapse of the 5th German Tank Army, the fall of Tunis and the surrounding of the 1st Italian Army, still holding the line at Enfidaville, he formally surrendered the remnants of Army Group Africa to the Allies.

On May 12th, one day before the surrender, Messe was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal (Maresciallo d'Italia).

Post armistice

As a loyal supporter of the Royalist cause, like many Italian officers Messe soon found himself re-employed, when after the Italian armistice in September 1943, he was made Chief of Staff of the "Italian Co-Belligerent Army" (Esercito Cobelligerante del Sud), consisting of those units loyal to King Victor Emmanuel, many of which were reconstituted from Italian POWs and armed by the Allies. He served in this post with distinction until the war's end and then retired from the military in 1945 after 44 years of distinguished service.

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American by birth, TEXAN by the grace of GOD!