After reading that battle account, it quickly becomes clear that the US and Filippino Forces were caught in that maelstorm existance between a peacetime and wartime army. It was painfully apparent that there was no established and functioning chain of command that could have decisively brought those badly needed, 80+ US tanks and 155mm artillery guns to bear upon the advancing Japanese forces that would have undoubtedly made a great difference in the conduct and results of that battle. Added to this, was the number of US Officers who were relieved of command because of poor conduct and leadership while under fire. It would take time to sort out MacArthur's Forces and that was a luxury that he was short on.