The Marder (Marten) suffered from two main disadvantages. First, underwater mobility was extremely poor and constantly required the pilot’s full attention to maneuver the craft. Second, the lack of a periscope meant that it was virtually blind underwater. The pilot still had to surface to find his way and a submerged attack was not possible. Very few attacks involving Marders were carried out. They were used against US warships in the Gulf of St. Tropez in the Mediterranean, but the mission was a dismal failure. There were also plans for U-997, a Type VII U-boat to transport these Marders for an attack against Russian warships in Murmansk, but owing to technical difficulties, the mission was called off. About 300 Marders were built. A Marder hoisted by cables is being lowered into the water. The steering rudder can be seen on the tail of the upper torpedo.
US soldiers inspecting a Neger (German human torpedo), washed up on a beach in Anzio: a torpedo (left), strapped to a detachable driving section, which its on-board pilot cast off after aiming.
