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  #51 (permalink)  
Old April 15th, 2005, 11:43 AM
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I have less than no idea what is going on with this thread...

What a bout the Polish formations in the Red Army Stanchev? You dont say much about them? Tell us about the LWP?

Oh and my Grandfather wasnt Polish... He was in the Royal West Kents I believe and was actually of German descent...
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  #52 (permalink)  
Old April 15th, 2005, 12:09 PM
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In 1943, the Soviets and Polish communists, not respecting Polish government in London, created another Polish Army in the USSR, of the Poles remaining there still(100,000 left with the Anders to Iran). Because of a lack of cadres, many commanders and specialists of different ranks were initially Soviets. The first unit used in combat was:

1st Tadeusz Kosciuszko Infantry Division (with the 1st tank regiment) of Gen. Z. Berling. It was fighting at Lenino on 12-13 October 1943. Then included into the 1st Army.
In July 1944, in a liberated part of Poland, the new alternative communist government was raised, and the Polish Army in the USSR was named Polish People's Army (LWP) - Ludowe Wojsko Polskie. Since then, the 2nd Army and the next units were mobilized in Poland. In 1944-45 LWP consisted of:

1st Army - 1.AWP (1. Armia Wojska Polskiego) - assigned to the 1st Belarussian Front.
It was first fighting at the Vistula bridgeheads (Studzianki, 9-14 August 1944).

On 14 September 1944 the 1.AWP units captured the right-bank Warsaw (since 1 August 1944 there was the Uprising in left-bank Warsaw).

In the following days only the elements of the Polish infantry managed to cross Vistula, and then shared the fate of the insurgents, who surrendered on 2 October 1944.

In January 1945 the 1.AWP took the remains of Warsaw.

Then, the 1.AWP fought at Pommern-Stellung wall, Kolobrzeg (Kolberg),
Gdansk (Danzig),
the Oder crossing.

Finally, in April-May 1945 it fought in Berlin Operation at Hohenzollern Kanal and Havellendisher Grosser Haupt Kanal crossing, reaching the Elbe and linking with the US units.

The 1st Tadeusz Kosciuszko Infantry Division and some artillery and engineer units took part in a street-fighting in Berlin (ZOO, Tiergarten).
  #53 (permalink)  
Old April 15th, 2005, 12:13 PM
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Quote:
Originally posted by TheRedBaron:
I have less than no idea what is going on with this thread...
correct me If I am wrong.
the thread is "Poles in WW2"

so what is your problem?
  #54 (permalink)  
Old April 15th, 2005, 01:00 PM
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My 'problem' is that your posts bounce around like a flea on acid.

First you say only Poles were at Monte Cassino then you post a load of testimony about British troops there... You just dont make much sense to me. But then Im British and we just 'used' Poles in the war to fight instead of our own troops...
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  #55 (permalink)  
Old April 15th, 2005, 01:10 PM
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of course only Poles took the monastyr and you can't deny it.
The same I can not deny that Allied troops fought hard battles for thy city cassino before Poles an had great causalties just like Poles.
Monte cassiono was not the battle for this hill.
The polish advance was a part of a bigger operation taken by Allies.
Without that oparations Poles would not take the hill.
It obvious for me
Iam not a nationalist type nerd. Trying to read many documents from different angle.
I just wanted to share me story and view
  #56 (permalink)  
Old April 15th, 2005, 01:19 PM
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Have I denied anything about who entered the Monastry? NO!

Giving up now... Have work to do... [img]smile.gif[/img]
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  #57 (permalink)  
Old April 15th, 2005, 01:56 PM
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I almost forgot about 2nd LWP polish army

2nd Army - 2.AWP (2. Armia Wojska Polskiego) - assigned to the 1st Ukrainian Front.
It was first fighting in Wroclaw (Breslau) and Poznan (Posen). Then it was used in Berlin Operation on Dresden direction, fighting at Bautzen in April 1945. Last, it liberated part of Czechoslovakia, operating on Prague direction.
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Old April 15th, 2005, 03:52 PM
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Quote:
the most highly decorated navy, the largest, and most effective, resistance organization
This is simply NOT TRUE AT ALL. It's blowing Poland's valuable efforts completely out of proportion.

Marshal Tito's Army in the Balcans was far larger and far, far more effective. 11-20 regular German divisions were needed to fight the brutal anti-partisan war there (almost as many as those recquired by the Italian campaign), which claimed over 1,5 million lives.

Quote:
It was Poland responsible for the cracking of the German code, and the subsequent smuggling of an Enigma machine to Britain.
This claim has been widely debated before and your assertion is questionable to some point… But I'll just let it be.

Quote:
Were it not for Poland, the war, at best, would have lasted longer, and at worst, would have ended in a German victory.
Germany would have won without Polish aid?! Well, that's new! I then suppose the USSR, US and UK's might was not of great help then…

Quote:
of course only Poles took the monastyr and you can't deny it.
The same I can not deny that Allied troops fought hard battles for thy city cassino before Poles an had great causalties just like Poles.
Monte cassiono was not the battle for this hill.
The polish advance was a part of a bigger operation taken by Allies.
Without that oparations Poles would not take the hill.
OK. We bloody agree then! What's the fuzz about?
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  #59 (permalink)  
Old April 15th, 2005, 04:10 PM
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please try to support your comments with documents or numbers

Polish underground army had certain contributions:
Sabotage / Diversionary Action Type
Totals

1
Damaged locomotives
6 930

2
Delayed repairs to locomotives
803

3
Derailed transports
732

4
Transports set on fire
443

5
Damage to railway wagons
19 058

6
Blown up railway bridges
38

7
Disruptions to electricity supplies in the Warsaw grid
638

8
Army vehicles damaged or destroyed
4 326

9
Damaged aeroplanes
28

10
Fuel tanks destroyed
1 167


Fuel destroyed (in tonnes)
4 674

11
Blocked oil wells
5

12
Wagons of wood wool destroyed
150

13
Military stores burned down
130

14
Disruptions of production in factories
7

15
Built-in faults in parts for aircraft engines
4 710

16
Built-in faults into cannon muzzles
203

17
Built-in faults into artillery missiles
92 000

18
Built-in faults into air traffic radio stations
107

19
Built-in faults into condensers
70 000

20
Built-in faults into (electro-industrial) lathes
1 700

21
Damage to important factory machinery
2 872

22
Various acts of sabotage performed
25 145

23
Planned assassinations of Germans
5 733
  #60 (permalink)  
Old April 15th, 2005, 04:22 PM
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The Polish Underground or AK (Armia Krajowa or Home Army) was the largest in Europe with 400,000 men.
AK units carried out thousands of armed raids and daring intelligence operations, bombed hundreds of railway shipments, and participated in many
clashes and battles with the German police and Wehrmacht
units.

In total the AK killed an estimated 150,000 Germans.
  #61 (permalink)  
Old April 15th, 2005, 04:27 PM
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Quote:
It was Poland responsible for the cracking of the German code, and the subsequent smuggling of an Enigma machine to Britain.
For the next few years, before and during the war, Poland had the ability to decrypt intercepted coded German messages. As Enigma evolved into a more complex and sophisticated machine, so too did the Polish methods and techniques. Just before the beginning of WW2 the Poles transferred all their know-how and equipment to the French and British Allies for their use in the coming war. When war started on September 1st, 1939, the Polish cryptologists were quickly evacuated through Romania to France. By October 1939 the reorganised cryptology unit started to decrypt Enigma messages again. Until the fall of France on June 17th, 1940 the Polish unit operated officially in France. After that they went underground in "Vichy" France, where they operated until November 1942 when the Germans occupied southern France. Their escape to neutral, but friendly with Germany, Spain was a disaster as they were apprehended and imprisoned in cruel interment camps. Two key cryptologists and three radio operators managed to escape and reach England but most fared much worse. Two senior intelligence officers and three engineers were caught by the Gestapo and were sent to German concentration camps. The two officers were liberated by the US Army but the three engineers perished.

The British, using the Polish decrypting methods amongst others, established a secret organisation of about 10,000 people at Bletchley Park to intercept, decrypt and disseminate German Enigma messages and intelligence. Selected Allied high-ranking commanders received these decrypted German, rephrased for extra security and protected by the explicit Ultra regulations, starting with the Battle of Britain, through the Battle of the Atlantic, the landing in Africa, the invasion of the Continent and the bombing of the V1 and V2 weapon sites.
  #62 (permalink)  
Old April 15th, 2005, 04:33 PM
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Quote:
Germany would have won without Polish aid?! Well, that's new! I then suppose the USSR, US and UK's might was not of great help then…
really did I wrote that?
???
I guess I did not !!!

so why you ????
  #63 (permalink)  
Old April 15th, 2005, 05:05 PM
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Polands resistance network must have an awesome book keeping and records department to have such accurate numbers on everything they did... amazing... [img]graemlins/no.gif[/img]

But my favourite is the last one... 'Planned assainations'... not carried out but planned...
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  #64 (permalink)  
Old April 15th, 2005, 05:36 PM
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Quote:
really did I wrote that?
???
I guess I did not !!!
Yes, you bloody did:

Quote:
Were it not for Poland, the war, at best, would have lasted longer, and at worst, would have ended in a German victory.
And it's absurd.

Quote:
please try to support your comments with documents or numbers
OK. The Polish resistance movement was not the largest, nor the most effective partisan force of WWII. It was the most anti-semite, though.

NOV i POJ (Narodnooslobodila?ka vojska i partizanski odredi Jugoslavije, People's Liberation Army and Partisan detachments of Yugoslavia) was much larger:

Men and women serving in the NOV i POJ

1941: 80.000
1942: 150.000
mid-1943: 230.000
late-1943: 320.000
late-1944: 650.000

And was involved in far larger, more brutal and more influential operations:

Fatal casualties taken by the NOV i POJ (1941-1945): 305.672.

Fatal casualties taken by the German Armed Forced in anti-partisan warfare against NOV i POJ (1941-1945): 103.196.

Total fatal casualties suffered by all sides in the Balcan campaigns: 1.500.000.

Again, to fight Tito the Germans recquired an entire Army Group, almost 20 full-strenght and full-equipped divisions, some even being élite mountain divisions.

The NOV i POJ was also responsible for the liberation of Belgrade and many other cities, not to mention that its very presence tied up to the Balcans some 500.000 Axis troops at the very same time of the Allied invasion of Italy.

From: www.en.wikipedia.org and www.vojska.net/ww2/yugoslavia/

Quote:
In total the AK killed an estimated 150,000 Germans.
I don't think this cipher is accurate… The Warsaw Uprising didn't kill more then 20.000 Germans, and it was the fiercest battle…
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  #65 (permalink)  
Old April 15th, 2005, 05:53 PM
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Quote:
The Polish resistance movement was not the largest, nor the most effective partisan force of WWII. It was the most anti-semite, though.
I guess I hit the right direction because you starting to make this forum loosing quality level

Registry of over 700 Polish citizens killed while helping Jews During the Holocaust:

1. ABRAMEK, Władysław, 20, living in Wola Przybysławska, near Garbów, Lublin prov.

killed by Germans on Dec. 10, 1942, while staying at his cousin, Józef Aftyka, who sheltered Jews. (see 3-6)
2. ADAMCZYK, Stanisław, living in ٱcko, Nowy S±cz prov.
in Spring of 1943; he was beaten to death by Władysław Gleb, the German town mayor of Mszana Dolna, for sheltering a Jew.
3. AFTYKA, Józef, 54, living in Wola Przybysławska, near Garbów, Lublin prov.
4. AFTYKA, Aniela, 52, Józef's wife

5. AFTYKA, Marianna, 14, daughter

6. AFTYKA, Zofia, 17, daughter

murdered by Germans on Dec. 10, 1942 together with a group of Jews sheltered by them and with Władysław Abramek. On the same day Czesław and Leonard Gawron from the same village were also killed together with Aniela and Stanisław Kamiński, 5 members of the Nalewjka family and 5 others of the Ochmiński family - a total of 19 people (see: 1, 137-138, 209- 210, 390-391, 411)
7. AMBROŻY, Marianna, 75, living in Podborek, Radom prov.
died on July 11, 1943, together with the Kowalczyk family, shot on the charge of helping Jews (see: 264-266)
8. ANICET (i.e. priest Wojciech KAPLIŃSKI) 66, chaplain of the monastery in Miodowa Str. in Warsaw
arrested on Oct. 16, 1941 for aiding Jews; died the same year at Auschwitz
9. ARASZKIEWICZ, Aleksandra, living in Cisie, near Cegłów, Siedlce prov.
A sizable group of Jews from Cegłów took refuge in the village of Cisie,
(incl. Esther, Yoyne Mendel and the baby Jabłonka Goldstein) as well as Jews who escaped from the "death trains" to Treblinka via aCegłów. On June 28, 1943 raids were carried out on the village by the military police

from Mińsk Mazowiecki, during which 25 Poles, incl. railwaymen, were snatched from their homes, together with numerous Jews they sheltered and

murdered: Marcin Dąbrowski, Franciszek Fiutkowski, Aleksander Gąsior,

Henryk Gergera, Rozalia Jaworska with her 2 years old daughter, Tadeusz

Lipiński, Zygmunt Małus, Stanisław Peżyk, Tomasz and Sylweriusz Płatek,

Edward Rżysko, Władysław Saski, Eugeniusz Skwieciński, Marian and Piotr Smater, Jan Szczęsny, Józefa Szyperska, Aleksandra Wąsowska, Jan and ,

Mieczysław Wąsowski, Władysław Wójcicki, Jan Zagańczyk and Ludwik Zając. Wiesław Walczewski was arrested the same day, but shot in January 1944. The VILLAGE WAS BURNT DOWN. (see: 92, 124, 141-142, 186- 187, 332, 361. 456, 470-471, 536, 539, 560, 564-565, 597, 604, 630, 635-637, 677, 693, 696)

10. ARCHUTOWSKI, Roman, priest, rector of the Archidiocesan Seminary in Warsaw
sent to Majdanek for aiding Jews; died after torture in Oct. 1943

11. ARCISZEWSKI, Albin, 45, living at Orlicz, near Garbów, Lublin prov.

executed in September 1943 for helping Jews from the camp at Antopol; he tried to save Dr. Czerniak, his wife and 2 daughters, Isaac Elfenstein, Lena Mazurska and Itka Wołyniec
12. AUGUSTYN, Józef. living in Szerzyny, Tarnów prov.
13. AUGUSTYN, Józefa, his wife

they sheltered 3 Jews form Szerzyny, the family of Elias and Hersh Haskel, shot together with them on Feb. 4, 1944 by German military police
14. AUGUSTYNIAK, Franciszek, 30, worker, living at Paulinów, near Sokołów Podlaski, Siedlce prov.
shot by an SS unit on Feb. 24, 1943, together with a group of 14 people, victims of a provocation: several weeks earlier they rendered help to a Nazi agent, who pretended to be a Jewish fugitive. Died also Zygmunt Dryga, Franciszek Kirylski, Józef, Ewa and Stanisław Kotowski, Stanisław Piwko, Jan Oliwiński, Aleksandra Wiktorzak (see: 111, 216, 259-261, 469, 609, 648) Stanisław Kusiak and Stanisław Mazurek died in the Treblinka camp (see 314, 374) Died also Czesław Borowy, Jan Brzozowski and Stanisław Henduszko (see: 43, 57, 166)
15. BACZEWSKA, Honorata, 30, teacher living in Lublin

underground liason officer and AK (Home Army) press carrier, murdered for sheltering Jews early in 1945 by Ukrainian nationalists.
16. BANASZEK, Marianna, 50, living in Pustelnik, near Marki, Warsaw prov.
17. BANASZEK Stanisława, daughter

18. BANASZEK, Władysław, son

murdered in October 1943 for hiding a Jewish family of 3. This Jewish family, informed of the threat of a raid on the house, luckily escaped.
19. BARAN, Adam, 29, living in Hucisko, near Głogów Małopolski, Rzeszów prov.
20. BARAN Szczepan, 36

On June 10, 1943 the German military police from Rzeszów surrounded the village of Hucisko and murdered 21 inhabitants of it and of the neighbouring village of Przewrotne, for sheltering Jews. Died also: Franciszek Beskur, Jadwiga Chezalik, Franciszek Drąg, Anna Dworak and 7 members of her family:Anna, Jan, Katarzyna, Maria, Michał, Stefania and Zofia; Adam, Józef and Marcin Gut, Marcin Kolano, Jakub and Józef Rumak, Józef Słuja and Adam Susich. The Germans burnt down 17 homes and numerous service buildings (see: 31, 61, 110, 113-120, 161-163, 222, 521-522, 563, 589)
Similar measures were carried out twice in the village of Przewrotne (see: 49-51, 70-71)

21. BARAN, Rozalia, living in Modrych, near Hrubieszów, Zamooć prov.
In December 1942 beaten up and then murderd for giving her own "Kennkarte" to a Jewess, who using it went to work in Germany, was recognized and captured
22. BARANEK, Wincenty, 46, farmer, from Siedliska, near Miechów, Kielce prov.
23 . BARANEK, Łucja, 35, his wife

24. BARANEK, Henryk, 12, son

25. BARANEK, Tadeusz, 10, son

26. BARANEK, Katarzyna, mother of Wincenty

murdered by military police on March 15, 1941 together with Katarzyna Kopeć, mother of Łucja and the Jews they were sheltering: Pińczowski, Skowron, Sybirski and Weitzman (see: 228)
27. BARGLIK, Maria, 51, farmer, living in Tokarnia, Cracow prov.
killed on March 6, 1944, following sentence passed by a special court (Sondergericht) at Szaflary for sheltering the 6 members family of Samuel Steinberg

28. BARGLIK, Stefan, living in Tokarnia, Cracow prov.

shot on the strength of the special court verdict of the SS and police commander (Standgericht) in Cracow for "fostering Jews and sheltering them"; the execution of the verdict was pronounced on Feb. 21, 1944
29. BARSZCZ, Marianna, 16, living in Moszeńki, near Jastków, Lublin prov.
employed by farmers Marian and Zofia Wysmulski, who concealed in an underground shelter 4 Jews, while providing also others with food and medicines. On Sept. 25, 1943, Germans shot also Zofia Wysmulska and the Jews they protected (see: 689)
30. BERSKI, Jerzy, living in Warsaw
killed in combat against Germans in April 1943, during the offensive near the Warsaw ghetto walls, organized by the GL (People's Guard)
31. BESKUR, Franciszek, 35, from Przewrotne, near Głogów, Rzeszów prov.
shot on June 10, 1943 in the village of Hucisko, in a mass execution for sheltering Jews (see: 19-20)
32. BIELNIAK, Franciszek, 32, shoemaker, from Głębokie, near Biecz, Krosno pr.
shot by Gestapo on Jan. 14 1943 for rendering help to Jews
33. BIEŃKOWSKI, Gerwazy, from Kietlin, near Radomsko, Piotrków prov.
executed in November 1943 with Władysław and Franciszka Librowski for his part in sheltering 2 Jews: Chęciński and Bugajski (see: 329-330)
34. BOBELOWA, (Christian name unknown) from Łuck (now in Soviet Ukraine)
35. BOBELOWA's mother

murdered by Germans in Fall 1943 for hiding a Jewish owner of a local brewery, Sznajder Bobel, who having been warned, managed to escape
36. BOBROWSKI, Jan, 50, farmer, from Lipiny, near Pilzno, Tarnów prov.
killed in March 1943 for sheltering Jews; his farmstead was burnt down
37. BOGDANOWICZ, Anna, living in Jasło, Krosno prov.
arrested at the end of November 1942 for sheltering Sarah Diller, who survived. Tortured, she perished soon after in Auschwitz. Posthumously awarded by Yad Vashem the medal as "Righteous Among Nations"
38. BOGUCKA, (Christian name unknown) from Pastewnik, near Borszczów (locality incorporated after the war into the Soviet Ukraine)
widow of the local butcher, Karol Bogucki; arested in June 1943, killed in Czortków for sheltering 11 Jews. She left behind her 3 orphan children.
39. BOREK, Stanisław, farmer, living in Sadkowice near Lipsko, Radom prov.
40. BOREK, Helena, his wife

41. BOREK, Czesław, son

42. BOREK, Piotr
shot on Jan. 8, 1943 for help to Jews. Together with them perished their daughter, Honorata, with her husband Ryszard Wójtowicz (see: 684-685)

43. BOROWY, Czesław, worker, from Paulinów, near Sokołów Podlaski, Siedlce prov
shot on Feb. 24, 1943 as one of the 14 persons victims of a provocation some weeks earlier they gave help to a Nazi agent, pretending to be a Jew (see 14)
44. BORYCKI, Stanisław, 44, farmer, from Boisko, near Lipsko, Radom prov.

45. BORYCKA, Zofia, 38, his wife

46. BORYCKI, Zbigniew, son

shot on Jan 2, 1943, for helping Jews. Their homstead was burnt down.
With them were killed 3 persons of the Krawczyk family (see: 279-281)

47. BRAJA, Władysław, living at Równe, near Dukla, Krosno prov.
executed in August or September 1943 for harbouring 3 Jewish people
48. BRONISŁAWSKI, Edward, living in Warsaw
shot on Apr. 21, 1943, when as a liason officer of the GL (People's Guard) he tried to supply guns to the Jewish ghetto. His wife Wiktoria and his son Zbigniew were arrested. Their fate is unknown
49. BRUDZ, Antoni, 24, from Przewrotne, near Głogów. Rzeszów prov.
50. BUDZ, Wojciech, 34

51. BRUDZ, Walenty, 57

On Mar. 13, 1943 German police, under Gestapo supervision, killed around 30 people in the village of Przewrotne for sheltering Jews. Along them were killed: Andrzej, Franciszek and Wojciech Drąg; Michał Gaweł; Adam Organiociak and 6 members of his family: Andrzej, Aniela, Franciszek, Józef (born in 1906) Józef (born in 1912) and Wojciech; Łukasz and Wojciech Pomykała, Antoni Rusin, Jan Walc, Franciszek Wanoska, Franciszek and Józef Wilk. (see: 108-110, 136, 427-433, 476-477, 525, 629, 633, 650-652. Other names are unknown. A second execution at Przewrotne took place on May 9, 1943 (see: 70-71) as well as in the nearby village of Hucisko on June 10, 1943. (see: 19-20)
52. BRÜHL, Hanna, living at Milanówek, Warsaw prov.
shot on May 17, 1943, by military police from Grodzisk Mazowiecki in the "Anielin" villa of Milanówek, together with 4 Jews she concealed
53. BRUST, Jan, living at Raków, near Częstochowa
shot in the first half of 1944 at the Hasag-Eisenhütte A. G. camp, for distributing food and money and passing correspondence to Jewish inmates, as part of the campaign carried by the Relief Council for Jews
54. BRYNKUS, Cyryl, 44, from Spytkowice, near Auschwitz, Cracow prov.
arrested on Nov. 15, 1943 for help to Jewish population; jailed in Zakopane, transfered to Płaszów camp and then to Montelupich prison in Cracow. Shot there on May 28, 1944
55. BRYO, Johan, railwayman, living in Sosnowiec, Katowice prov.
he helped fugitives form the Sosnowiec ghetto, and transported some of them to Hungary. Arrested in 1944 by Gestapo, sent to Auschwitz, died there. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among Nations"
56. BRZOZOWSKA, Zofia, living at Kobyłka, Warsaw prov.
shot on Sep. 1, 1943 by Gestapo, together with 2 Jewish men, sheltered on her estate; one of them was Goldberg, owner of the tannery in Wołomin.
57. BRZOZOWSKI, Jan, 16, from Paulinów, near Sokołów Podlaski, Siedlce prov.
shot on Feb. 24, 1943, as one of the 14 persons, victims of a Nazi agent provocateur (see 14)
58. BUSZKO, Henryk, 30, farmer, living at Liza Stara, near Białystok
murdered on Sep. 21, 1943, by gendarmes from Pietkowo, for helping Jews, hiding after their escape from the train to Treblinka
59. BUZOWICZ, Wincenty, living in Radom
60. BUZOWICZ, Anna, his wife

on Apr. 3, 1943, sentenced to death by a special court in Radom for helping the Jewish women Sala Rubinowicz and Else Schwarzman. Also sentenced to death for that case were: Wiktoria Paduch, Jan Pinkus, Zenon Poloński and Maria Różańska. (see: 442, 466, 475, 517)
61. CHEZALIK, Jadwiga, 41, farmer, from Hucisko, near Głogów, Rzeszów prov.

killed on June 10, 1943 in a mass execution for sheltering Jews in which 21 villagers died (see: 19-20)
62. CHĘĆ, Franciszek, 17, living at Tomaszewice, near Jastków, Lublin prov.
foster-child of Leonard Pietrak, killed together with him and his family for harbouring 2 Jewish men, on Feb. 28, 1944 (see: 461-463)
63. CHOLEWIŃSKI, Marcin, 30, living at Grzymałków, near Kielce
shot on Oct. 19, 1942, for supplying food to the Radoszyce ghetto
64. CHOREW, Włodzimierz, from Bereza Kartuska (now in the Soviet Ukraine)
65. CHOREW, his mother (name unknown)

66. CHOREW, his father (name unknown)

executed in fall 1943 together with the Jewish woman, Leycha Kapłan, they harboured
67. CHOWANIAK, Karol, farmer, from Zawoja, near Maków Podhalański, Bielsko prov.
68. CHOWANIAK, Tekla, his wife

Karol was arrested in May 1943, together with the 4 sheltered Jews, family Kuczko among them, who were shot on the spot. Karol underwent several weeks of investigation in the Gestapo prison "Palace" at Zakopane, and was sent to Auschwitz. Tekla was arrested with her foster-child, Karolina Marek, and was sent directly to Auschwitz. All three died there (see 368)
69. CHRACA, Karol, 46, living at Wróblówka, Nowy Sącz prov.
executed by the Gestapo on May 20, 1942, at Czarny Dunajec, together with Józef Lehrer and his daughter, for supplying food to them and other Jewish people in hiding
70. CHUBRO, Marcin, 37, from Przewrotne, near Głogów, Małopolski, Rzeszów prov.
71. CHUBRO, Michał, 53

On May 9, 1943, following Gestapo orders, the military police from Rzeszów, surrounded the village of Przewrotne and murdered 16 Poles for harbouring Jews. Others who died also were: Andrzej Gola, Antoni Granat, Ludwik Gut, Józef Kuo. Paweł Laska, Jan Marszał, Józef Tyburski (see: 148. 152. 164, 317, 323. 371, 618) The names of other 7 victims have not bee established. Similar executions took place in Przewrotne on Mar. 13, 1943
(see: 49-51) as in the nearby Hucisko on June 10, 1943 (see: 19-20)

72. CHYBOWSKI, Franciszek, 60, from Rzędowice, near Książ Wielki, Kielce pr.
73. CHYBOWSKA, Julia, 54, his wife

shot on Mar. 5, 1943, for sheltering Jews
74. CIESIELSKI, Józef, 19, farmer, from Boisko near Lipsko, Radom prov.
shot on Nov. 7, 1943, one of three, rendering help to Jews (see 283, 582)
75. CIEOLAK, Wojciech, living at Łęka Szczucińska, Tarnów prov.
shot on Mar 21, 1943, for sheltering in his house a Jewess from Pacanów

76. CIOŁKOSZ, Feliks, 58, from Markuszowa, near Wioniowa, Rzeszów prov.

77. CIOŁKOSZ, (Christian name unknown), 50, his wife

78. CIOŁKOSZ, Jan, 26, their son

shot in June 1943 by military police from Wioniowa, for helping Jews who took refuge in nearby woods (see 426)
79. CYPARSKA, Stefania Janina, 25, from Wydrna, Krosno prov.
80. CYPARSKI, Alfred Fryderyk, 6, son

81. CYPARSKA, Stanisława, 3, daughter

82. CYPARSKI, Tadeusz, 6 months, son

murdered in March 1944 for help to Jews, rendered by Stefania
83. CYPARSKI, Wojciech, 30 living at Krzemienna, Krosno prov.
shot in early March 1944 by Gestapo for helping Jews and Soviet POW
84. CZAPLA, Stanisław, 30. farmer, living in Owiesielice, Radom prov.
murdered on Dec. 7, 1942, by gendarmes from Ciepielów, for help to Jews. Toghether with him died: Bronisław Dobroń, Stanisław Nowotnik, Marianna Skwira, Wojciech Skrzak and members of Wdowiak and of Wojewódka families (see: 102, 403, 557, 561, 638-640, 660-665)
85. CZERSKA, Janina Wanda, 56, living in Warsaw
sheltered 7 Jews in her house in Milanówek: Jadwiga Mińska, whose husband had been killed in Katyń, and 6 others, known only by their assumed names: the couple Cholewiński and their 2 sons and the couple Kordoński. In fall of 1943 five of them were arrested and their fate is unknown. Janina Wanda arrested with them, was transferred from the Pawiak prison to Auschwitz, where she died on Feb. 20, 1944
86. CZERWONKA, Franciszek, 56, farmer, from Pawłosiów, near Jarosław. Rzeszów prov.
87. CZERWONKA, Julia, 55, his wife

88. CZERWONKA, Stanisław, 18, son

shot on July 1943, by Gestapo for sheltering Jews.
89. DĄBOWSKI, Krzysztof, 44, farmer, from Długołęka, near Knyszyn, Białystok

murdered on May 5, 1945, in connection with the sheltering of 7 Jews from Knyszyn since September 1942. They were: Ber Słodki with his wife Fruma, their daughter Szosza and son-in-law Abram Krawiec, rabbi; Gerson Krawiec, his wife Lenta and their son, Szmuel. All of them left Poland after the war. Dąbowski was killed by bandits who demanded large sums of money from him, which, they thought, he must have earned for sheltering Jews. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among Nations"
90. DĄBROWSKA, Maria, headmistress of the school in Włodzimierz Wołyński
(town incorporated after the war into the Ukraine)
Though known before the war for her antisemitic views, she began sheltering Jews in her home, following the German occupation in 1941.

18 people were found in her villa in April 1944, including a paralysed old woman, an invalid without a leg and a blind girl. Tortured by Gestapo, she did not reveal the identity of those who had been helping her, and she was

shot with the people she had been sheltering.

91. DABROWSKI, Bolesław, farmer, from Samoklęski, Near Kamionka, Lublin pr
having sheltered more than 12 Jews in his home and on his farm, he was shot together with the Jews during a raid organized by the German military police on the village, on Jan. 31, 1943
92. DĄBROWSKI, Marcin, from Cisie, near Cegłów. Siedlce prov.
killed by the military police, together with 24 other Poles from the village of
Cisie, for sheltering Jews (see 9)
93. DEC, Bronisław, from Hadle Szklarskie, near Kańczuga, Przemyol prov.

94. DEC, Stanisław, brother

95. DEC, Tadeusz, brother

96. DEC, Władysław, brother, living at Pantałowice, near Kańczuga

The Dec brothers, together with other inhabitants of Pantałowice and
Hadle Szklarskie, helped and provided food to Jews who were hiding in the surrounding woods. One of the latter, Malka Szinfeld, who was captured by the Nazis, unable to withstand the investigation to which they subjected her, gave away the names of the Poles who were helping them. On Dec. 4, l942 were detained and executed beside the Dec brothers: Zofia Kubicka, Zofia and Jakub Kuszek, Emilia and Wincenty Lewandowski (see: 293, 315-316, 327-328)

97. DENEKO, Jadwiga (born SAŁEK) 32, living in Warsaw
took care of many fugitives from the Warsaw ghetto, thus cooperating with Ludomir Marczak. Arrested on Nov. 25, 1943, togehter with the sheltered Jewish family, shot on Jan. 6, 1944 in the ghetto ruins. Posthumously awarded the medal "Righteous Among the Nations (see: 367)
98. DĘBEK, Wiktoria, 40, living at Czernie, near Garwolin, Siedlce prov.
murdered by Gestapo on June 29, 1942, together with 11 Jews of unknown identity, sheltered on her property
99. DĘBSKA, Emilia, living in Kołomyja (incorporated into the Soviet Ukraine)
100. DĘBSKA's housekeeper (identity unknown)

sheltered 11 people of Jewish origin, including the family of the dentist Gottfryd and the 3 members of the family Karpel. These last managed to escape, but all others were shot
101. DŁUGOOPOLSKI, Władysław, 35, from Spytkowice, near Oowięcim, Cracow
arrested on Jan. 14, 1943 for help rendered to Jews, jailed at Zakopane, later transferred to the Płaszów camp and then to the Montelupich prison in Cracow, shot there on May 28, 1944
102. DOBROŃ, Bronisław, 28, farmer, living at Owiesielice, Radom prov.
murdered on Dec. 7, 1942, in a group of 14 Poles by gendarmes from Ciepielów, for help rendered to Jews (see: 84)
103. DOMAGAŁA, Piotr, living at Dobra, near Pilica, Katowice prov.
shot by the military police in autumn 1942, together with the sheltered Jews, incl. the mother Kajla born Janic. His wife managed to escape
104. DOMAŃSKI, Piotr, 76, farmer, from Rzążew, near Zbuczyn, Siedlce prov.
105. DOMAŃSKI, Franciszek, 37, farmer, son

106. DOMAŃSKI, Antoni, 32, farmer, son

shot by military police on Apr. 8, 1943 for sheltering Jews and partisans
107. DOMERADZKI, Jan, from Trębaczew, near Sadkowice, Skierniewice prov.
shot on Dec. 11, 1943 with his neighbours, the Szczepaniak family, for help to a Jewish family; the father of this family was also shot, but the fate of the remaining family members is unknown (see: 594-596)
108. DRĄG, Andrzej, 48, from Przewrotne, near Głogów Małopolski, Rzeszów pr.
109. DRĄG, Wojciech, 42

shot on Mar. 13 in the village of Przewrotne in a group execution for Jews sheltering (see: 49-51)
110. DRĄG, Franciszek, 31, from Przewrotne, near Głogów Małopolski
shot on June 10, 1943 in the village of Hucisko (see: 19-20)
111. DRYGA, Zygmunt, 54, from Paulinów, near Sokołów Podlaski, Siedlce prov.
shot at Paulinów by an SS unit on Feb. 24, 1943, together with a group of people, victimsof a Nazi agent provocateur (see: 14)
112. DUDKIEWICZ, Aleksander, living at Gniazdowo, near Łochów. Siedlce prov.
killed in autumn at Gniazdowo with a Jewish fugitive, Frydman
113. DWORAK, Katarzyna, 60, from Hucisko, near Głogów Małopolski, Rzeszów
114. DWORAK, Maria, 56

115. DWORAK, Michał, 57

116. DWORAK, Anna, 30

117. DWORAK, Jan, 29

118. DWORAK, Anna, 21

119. DWORAK, Stefania, 16 killed on June 10, 1943 at Hucisko, in a group execution, for sheltering Jews (see: 19-20)
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Old April 15th, 2005, 05:57 PM
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Poland has the highest number of people honoured at yad vashem and this is despite the fact that the Nazis had an immediate death penalty for any Poles found to be helping Jews.
Not only would the person caught be shot but so would their entire family.
The reason the Nazis introduced this death penalty (which only happened in Poland) was because so many Poles were helping Jews or hiding them.

Poland also had an underground organisation called Zegota which was devoted to helping Jews escape and in providing food aid to the ghetto. The Polish underground executed Poles who were found to betray Jews to the Nazis.
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Old April 15th, 2005, 06:11 PM
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If so many Poles resisted the extermination of their Jewish countrymen, then how on Earth 3.100.000 Polish Jews, out of 3.250.000 in 1939, were annihilated?

Had it not been for the co-operation of many French, 90.000 French Jews wouldn't have been murdered as easily.

Look at Denmark, Italy and Yugoslavia, where the SS extermination results were mediocre because of the help provided by Gentiles, provoking a harsh response by Himmler against them and his own SS personnel.

Also, I think you have already forgotten the many Polish pogroms before and after WWII or the fact that in 1938 Poland closed her borders to her own Jews, when they were expelled from Germany.
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Old April 15th, 2005, 06:21 PM
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It